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最近公布的ICD研究如何指导临床医生具体应用呢?LVEF≤31%应考虑植入单腔ICD以增加存活率,合适的患者应考虑CRT-D。LVEF在31%-40%的选择则比较困难。对冠心病者,有研究支持电生理检查可以作为额外的危险分层的依据[2]。非缺血性心肌病患者,应仔细评估在LVEF31%-35%的患者危险/获益比,对LVEF>35%患者,ICD的植入可能没有好处。另外也需注意的是,尽管ICD的植入在CHF患者减少死亡率是有效的,但也会增加病残率包括很容易出现的不适宜放电发生。不是所有的CHF患者都应该立即植入ICD,但无论什么原因所致的CHF,医生充分应该评价和讨论ICD植入的危险/获益比,留意ICD延长生命新的证据的公布,在大多数严重CHF患者应考虑应用,尤其是CRT-D的应用[29]。需要强调的是,对有ICD标准的适应征但没有心脏起搏适应征、LVEF≤40%患者,使用具有心室起搏功能的双腔ICD不会带来临床益处,可能会增加死亡率和因心力衰竭住院次数[30],可以考虑CRT-D的植入。
参考文献
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